Carbureter.



-H. M. BRIGHAM-.-

` CARBURETBR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.1I4, 1913.

151 14,222, I Patented 0013. 20, .1914.

HENRY M. IBRIGrI-IAIM,A OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

CARBURETER.

x Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 20, i914.

Application filed January 14, 1913. Serial No. 741,923.

T ali/071cm it may concern.'

Be it known that I, HENRY M. BRIGi-IAM,

a citizen of the United States, and residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the following is a specication, such as will enable those skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to carbureters for use in connection with explosive engines using liquid fuel, and the object thereoi` is to provide a carbureter of this class which will be simple in construction, eiiicient in operation and economical both in its use and in the manufacture thereof; a further objectbeing to provide a carburetor for the purpose specified which will operate under a substantially constant vacuum throughout its entire range to concentrate upon the fuel spray jet atall times a highly accelerated air supply in order to properly pulverize the liquid fuel and increase its explosive force; a further object being to provide means whereby the edective area of the air intake port or ports will be automatically increased or decreased by the suction of the engine when in operation to correspond with the demands made upon the explosive mixture by the engine, and whereby the fuel intake port or ports will also be increased or diminished in capacity in accordance with the opening and closing of the air intake port or ports, thereby providing means whereby a constant ratio between the quantity of liquid fuel and air supplied to the engine may be maintained at all times and under all conditions, and also to provide simple means whereby the carbureter may be ad jiisted so as to vary the ratio between the fueland the air supply, while the engine is running, and with these and other objects in view, the invention consists in a carbureter of the class and for the purpose specified, constructed as hereinafter described and claimed.

The invention is fully disclosed in the following specication of which the accompanying drawing forms a part, in which the separate parts of my invention are designated by suitable reference characters in each of the views, and in whichg -Figure 1 is a central vertical section of 'i my improved carbureter;-Fig. 2 a partial section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1;-Fig. 3 a bottom plan view of a base plate and valve seat which' I employ in the construction of my carbureter;'-Fig. 4 a plan view of a valvewhich forms apart of my improvement and which, in use, rests on the valve sc at shown in Fig. 3, Fig. .5, a bottom plan view'of a tripod device which forms a part of the carbureter casing and support-s the Vfuel jet tube g-Fig. 6 a View similar to Fig.

1, but showing only a part of the operative mechanism ofthe carbureter and showing a modification, and ;-Fig. 7 a section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 6.

In the practice ofmy invention as shown in the drawing, I provide a main casing ci having a cylindrical bottom portion and a reduced cylindrical top portion a2 forming a mixing chamber as, and in which is placed a throttle valve o* of the usual, or any pre ferred construction, and the top of the reduced extension t2 of the casing a. is provided with a flange or rim of whereby, the carbureter may be secured to the fuel supply connection of an engine cylinder or cylinders in the usual manner.

At one side of the main or botto-in part of the casing c is a float chamber b formed by a casing Z22 secured to, connected, or formed integrally with said casing, and said float chamber is provided with va removable cover b3 and float o, and the bottom thereof is provided with a supply pipe b5 and the float b4 is provided with a. valve rod b which passes vertically therethrough and to which said float is secured, and the valve rod bG is-provided at its lower end with a valve Z2? which controls the flow of the liquid fuel from the pipe b5 into the float chamber o, all these parts ofthe construction pertaining to the casing b2 forming the float chamber Z), the connections thereof, and the float and its operation, being the saine as in other devices of this class and forming no part of my invention.

In connection with the bottom of the casingr a I provide a base plate and valve seat c which is circular in form and provided with ears or other projections c2, and the bottom ofthe casing a. is provided with similar ears or projections a and bolts, screws, or similar devices (Z are passed through they ears or projections a and c2 to secure the Vbase plate and valve seat c to the bottoni of the casing a. I also provide a tripod device ico etv

e comprising an annular plate e2 and downwardly and inwardly curved arms e3 which connect with a'central head e4, and the annular plate e2 of the triped device e is pro vided with ears or projections e5 similar to the ears or projections c2 of the base plate and valve seat c, and the bolts, screws or other devices d also serve for securing the tripod device c to the bottom of the base plate and valve seat c, as clearly shown in Fig. l, and also to the bottom of the casing a.

The base plate and valve seat c is pro vided with a spider-work center comprising a central annular hub c3 and radial arms 04 forming large aro-shaped openings c, and the hub c3 is provided with a depending sleeve c which is eXteriorly threaded, as shown in Fig. l, and on which is screwed a nut f provided in its lower side with an annular recess f2. i

The supply pipe g which connects the float chamber L with the carbureter, communicates, in the usual manner, with the bottom of said float chamber, and screwed into the head e4 of the tripod device is a Vertical liquid fuel jet tube h with the lower end of which the tube g communicates, as clearly shown in Fig. l, and the upper end of which extends upwardly through the central hub c3 of the baseplate and valve seat c, and through the sleeve c of said hub, and said jet tube passes through a sleeve i mounted in the hub c3 of the valve seat c and the head c thereof and is vertically movable therein. The lower end of the sleeve i is provided with a head 'i2 having in the top surface thereof an annular groove 3 which corresponds with the groove f2 in the bottom surface of the nut f, and placed between the said nut f and the head 2 of the sleeve z' is an ordinary expansion spring in.

T he upper end of the sleeve e' is provided with a yoke-shaped extension 4 having a top cross head i5 in which is detachably secured a needle valve i which is designed to regulate the discharge of liquid fuel through the jet tube h the upper end of which is provided with a port it? through which the 'needle valve i passes. l also provide a valve y' which is 'shown in cross section in F ig. l and detached Ain Fig. 4, and this valve consists of a central hub portion i2, an annular web portion i3 having numerous small ports j" and around which is a raised rim portion 7'5 provided with a base flange je.

The central hub portion i2 of the valve y' is threaded interiorly, and the sleeve c' above the base plate and valveseat c iscorrespondingly threaded exteriorly asV shown at 7c, and

.said valve is screwed on the 'said sleeve, as

clearly shown in Fig. 1, and with lthis construction the'sleeve i and valve j are ver-i tically removable on the jet tube-h, as will be readily understood, and said valve is normally held seated on the base plate and valve seat .c by the spring tu.

Screwed onto the rim js of the valve is a. tapered nozzle tube m having an enlarged annular base m2 by means of which connection is made with the valve j, and in the normal position of the parts, as shown in Fig. l, the nozzle tube m projects beyond the needlevalve and its support, as clearly shown, and said nozzle tube m is movable with the valve j and sleeve z' on the jet tube, as will be readily understood. I

In practice I prefer to provide the jet tube z, with an external surface which is hexagonal in form in cross section, as shown in F ig. 2, in order to reduce friction be tween the sleeve and said jet tube on which said sleeve is vertically movable and also to provide means to prevent dust, dirt, or other substances from collecting between said sleeve and said jet tube, which result is accomplished or facilitated by the passage of air between said sleeve and tube, in the operation of the carbureter, but my invention is not limited to any particular forni in cross section of the jet tube it.

lt will be understood that theyolre-shaped support z" of the needle valve i provides a free discharge of the gasolene or liquid fuel passing through the jet tube zl into the casing a, and it will also be understood that when the parts are assembled, as shown in Fig. l, the ports or passages 54 in the valve j correspond with, or register with, the large arc-shaped openings, ports or passages c5 1n the base plate and valve seat c.

In the normal position of 'the parts when the apparatus is not in use, the needle valve G is open and air passes in through the valve y', and the nozzle tube m concentrates this air around the discharge of the jet tube k, and causes this air to pass the discharge oi the jet tube at a high velocity, and the capacity of the ports j* and the nozzle tube m is such as to furnish a sufficient mixture of gasolene and air to turn the engine very slowly without any considerable load. Vith the engine running and the throttle valve a4 nearly closed, air is drawn into the carbureter through the valve j'and base platel and valve seat c, and passes through the nozzle tube m past the discharge of the jet tube at a high velocity. The liquidfuel, by

and the engine speeds up, the vacuum formed by the 'above described operationwill' be increased and the valve y' will be lifted' from its seat, the nozzle tube m and amazes sleeve i' being also raised therewith, as shown in dotted lines in F ig. l, and an additional supply of air will pass into the casing a beneath and around the valve j and nozzle tube m and mingle with theair which is ad mitted through said nozzle lube, and which will then be overcharged with liquid fuel by reason of the fact that the needle valve i will be raised with the sleeve t' so as to enlarge the discharge port h2l of the jet tube 71 and in this way the proper ratio between the supply of air and the supply of'liquid fuel, as the speed of the engine increased, will be automatically maintained. As the throttle valve a is closed, and the speed of the engine diminishes, the valve j will fall, and when the speed of the engine has been sufficiently reduced, said valve will again rest on the seat c.

The needle valve i is tapered so that the relative eii'ective area of the liquid fuel discharge of the jet tube and the air intakes or inlets remain constant throughout the entire range of the carburetor, and the base plate and valve seat c is provided with vertical guide pms n which pass through suitable ,recesses or apertures n2 in the opposite sides of the base flange of the valve y', and which prevent the rotation of said valve, and the sleeve may be rotated by means of the head 2 thereof so as to adjust the needle valve i into any desired position for the purpose of regulating the mixture of air and liquid fuel, and in this operation the valve y' will remain stationary on the seat c, and said operation may bei-performed while the engine is running, and it will thus be seen that my improved carbureter is provided with both automatic and with hand operated means for maintaining a proper ratio between the amount of air and liquid fuel forming the mixture supplied to the engine. lt will also be understood that the needle `Valve i may be made of any desired taper, but, in practice, l prefer to'so taper the said valve that the mixture will contain slightly less than the requisite amount of liquid fuel when no tension placed on the spring 11. As this spring tends to hold the valve ,7 on its seat, it will be seen that by tightening the tension of said. spring, by means of the nut f, the vacuum under which the carbureter operates will be slightly' increased as the said valve liftsy from its seat, and the percentage el' liquid fuel supplied will be increased accordingly. This feature however, is not an essential element in the operation of my carbureler, although, under certainyconditienl it is desirable to 'provide for this additional regulation. rllhe vacuum. under which the carbureter operates may, however, he satisfactorily determined by the way of the valve j. and the parts attached thereto, and when the needle valvehas been properly adjusted as to height, the carbureter will be automatic in its action, and through the suction of the engine and the lifting of the valve j, and the needle valve C will accurately maintain the predetermined ratio between the amount of liquid fuel and the amount of air supplied throughout its entire range.

It has been demonstrated, in practice, that the carburetcr so constructed, is very economical in its use of fuel, this result being due to the high velocity of the air current as it passes the liquid spray jet, and the further fact that a very large percentage of the fuel is so finely pulverized that it may be exploded in the engine, and the passage of a similar amount of air between the jet tube h and the sleeve z which is vertically movable therein and which is made possible by the form of the jet tube in cross section, also facilitates the above describedoperation, the said air, as it passes between the jet tube and the sleeve, serving to pick up any liquid fuel which may have lodged between said parts, or that may have a tendency to run down between said parts and convey the same back into the nozzle tube m where it mingles with the incoming air.

In the construction shown, the needle valve 6' is provided with a screw threaded shank which passesthrough the cross head of .the yoke-shaped support it, and with a set nut i7 and by means of this construction, the said needle valve may also be adjusted in its support.

In Fig. 6 of the drawing I have shown a modification of the operative parts of the carbureter, as shown in Fig. l, in which I substitute for the main air valve y' a valve o having an integral nozzle tube 02 and a central hub o3 provided withk a dependin skirt sleeve o4. In this construction, the s eeve z' incloses' the jet tube la, as shown in Fig. 1, and said vsleeve is threaded, as'shown at is, and the hub o3 of the valve 0 and the depending skirt sleeve o4 thereof are correspondingly threaded, and said sleeve is pro vided with vertical slots 9 four of which are shown in Fig. 7, and the skirt sleeve 04 of the valve 0 is provided with a plurality of annularly arranged holes o5 four of which are shown in Fig. 7, and a yoke-shaped spring p is passed around the skirt sleeve o4 and provided with inwardly directed hook ends p2 which are passed through the holes 05 and into the corresponding slots 9 in the sleeve and the lower end of the sleeve z' is provided with projecting thumb and finger pieces '10 whereby it may be conveniently turned by hand, and by means of this construction, the needle valve may be adjusted whenever desired by turning the sleeve z', but in this operation, with the construction shown, the air valve o must be held by taking hold of the skirt sleeve 04, or said air valve may be held stationary by passing a lib suitable instrument up through the base plate c and through the air valve, and it 'will also be seen -that with this construction the valve oWith its nozzle tube o2 and the sleeve z which carries the needle valve, willv modications thereof may be made, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of my invention or sacrificing its advantages, and I reserve the right to make all suoli alterations therein, as clearly come within the scope of the said claims.

Having fully described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a carbureter of the class described, a casing, a jet tube extending vertically into said casing, means for supplying liquid fuel to said tube, a sleeve vertically movable on' said tube and provided at its upper end with a needle valve which extends downwardly into said tube, an air valve mounted on and adjustable on the sleeve and movable therewith, and a nozzle tube carried by the air valve and inclosing, the sleeve, the^jet tube and the needle valve. Y

2. In a carbureter of the class described, a casing provided with a base plate having air ports, a movable valve mounted on said base plate and provided with air ports of less dimensions than the ports in said plate and which register therewith, said air valve being provided with a nozzle tube, a jet tube extending vertically into said casing, means for supplying liquid fuel to said jet tube, a

sleeve vertically movable on said tu'be and passing through said air valve, and with which said air valve is connected, and aneedle valve supported by said sleeve and operating in the end of the jet tube, the inner ends of the sleeve, and the jet tube and 'the needle valve being inclosed by the nozzle tube.

3. A carbureter of the class described provided with a stationary liquid fuel jet tube,

a sleeve movable vertically on said tube and 'supporting a needle valve which operatesn the end thereof, a spring for de ressing said tube, a base plate through whic said sleeve is movable, a valve mounted on said base plate and provided with ports or passages which correspond with other ports or passages in said base plate, said sleeve and said valve having a screw threaded connection, and a nozzle tube connected with said valve and inclosing the inner ends of the sleeve,

and the jet tube and the needle valve.

' 4:. In a carbureter, a casing provided with a base plate having annularly arranged ports, a valve mounted on said base plate within said casing and provided with corresponding ports, a nozzle connected with said valve, a sleeve movable vertically through the base plate and extending into the nozzle and connected with said valve and provided at its upper end with a needle valve support, a jet tube support suspended beneath the base plate, a jet tube connected therewith and passing upwardly through said sleeve and on which said sleeve is vertically movable, and means for supplying liquid fuel to said jet tube.

5. In a carbureter, ka casing provided with a base plate having air ports, a valve mounted on said base plate and rovided with corres ending p'orts, a nozz e connected'ivith saiv valve, a sleeve passing vertically through the base plate and through said valve l and having a threaded connection therewith and provided at its upper end with a needle valve support, a jet tube support suspended beneath the base di-ite, a jet tube connected therewith and passing upwardly through said sleeve and on which said sleeve is supplying liquid fuel to the ct tube, and a tension device for holding said sleeve in ,a depressed position.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of the subscribing Witnesses this C. MULREANY, H; E. THOMPSON.

topies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by adr s'sng the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

vertically movable, means for 

